Objective To investigate the population distribution and density changes of mouse-like rodents in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China, and analyze the ecological influence of the Three Gorges Project on rodents, for an understanding of the potential spreading risk of rodent-borne diseases. Methods The surveillance data of mouse-like rodents in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2005 to 2018 were collected for descriptive and linear regression analyses by Excel 2010 and SPSS 25.0 softwares, respectively. Results Thirteen species of mouse-like rodents were found in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, with a total density of 1.68%. In residential areas, the density was 2.01%, and the dominant species were Rattus tanezumi,R. norvegicus, and Mus musculus. In cropland, the density was 1.37%, and the dominant species were Insectivora, R. tanezumi, and R. norvegicus. The density of mouse-like rodents in cropland showed a decreasing trend along the flow of the Yangtze river. The total density tended to increase with years, and reached its peak in March throughout the year. The density of R. tanezumi increased significantly with years, especially in residential areas. Conclusion The population distribution and density of mouse-like rodents have changed significantly after the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir, and there is a risk of occurrence and spread of rodent-borne diseases. Surveillance and control of mouse-like rodents should be strengthened.

This paper reports 2 genera, 20 species of hematophagous midges in 2017 in Hekou county, Yunnan province, China, among which 19 species in Culicoides and 1 species in Lasiohelea. A new record in China, C. luteolus Wirth et Hubert, 1989 is described. Five species, C. calvipalpis, C. innoxius, C. lingshuiensis, C. rugulithecus, and La. dirus are recorded for the first time in Yunnan province. Specimens are deposited in the Shenyang Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Shenyang 110034).

Objective To investigate Fauna resource of Tachinidae (Insecta:Diptera) in the Nature Reserves of Hebei province, China. Methods We collected 312 tachinid specimens in some Nature Reserves of Hebei province from July 5 ^th to 18 ^th, 2016, identified by comparative morphology, taxonomy, and zoogeography. Results A total of 66 species, 43 genera, 13 tribes, and 4 subfamilies were recognized. Among them, one species was newly recorded in China, Atylostoma tricolor (Mik, 1884); twenty-six tachinid species were newly recorded for Hebei province. Conclusion Hebei province belongs to North China subregion of Palaearctic region in zoogeography. Because of complex diversity of land form sand vegetation, so Tachinidae resources are richer in Hebei province.

Objective To investigate the change of the characteristics of rodents before and after the water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Methods Mouse traps and cages were used to detect the density of rodents in different periods of the Water Storage. Results The indoor density of rodents before water storage was 4.14%. While it was 1.67% after water storage; the outdoor density of rodents before water storage was 4.29%, and it was 1.44% after water storage. The former was higher. The indoors densities of Rattus tanezumi in recent two years were much higher than before, it was 0.84% in 2011 and was 0.77% in 2012. Conclusion The densities of rodents significantly decreased after the second water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir. But the indoors densities of R. tanezumi in recent two years were much higher than before. Continuous monitoring of rodent populations is warranted.

Objective The Metro system is an important part of urban transportation, rodents can cause damages which lead to transit malfunctions. Rodent invasions were investigated in the Shanghai metro system. Methods Visual observations of standardized areas (15 m²) and food lure method were used in the investigation. Results Both showed evidence of rodent activity (3.8% for visual observation method and 9.8% for food lure method respectively). Conclusion Rodent invasions have been found in the Shanghai metro system. Rodent infestation will rise up along with the service time of the metro lines.

Objective To study the correlation between mite-specific antibody levels in serum and allergen concentration in house dust samples. Methods Thirty - three patients suffering from allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and urticaria chronica were included in the study. Their mite-specific antibody levels in serum were graded from 4 to 6. Dust from pillows, quilts, mattresses being used by the allergic patients was collected with vacuum cleaner and conserved in a dedicated box, and used for the detection of allergens with HDM allergen detection kit (Acarex company, Germany) with the levels of mite allergens evaluated according to the colour reactions, which were classified as negative, mild positive, moderate positive and highly positive). Results Seventy-nine samples were all positive, with 19 samples being mild positive (positive rate 24.1%), 20 samples moderate positive (25.3%), 40 samples highly positive (50.6%). It was demonstrated by the chi-square test that there were significant differences in antibody levels and positive rates among the three groups( P<0.05), there being a positive correlation between mite-specific antibodies in serum and allergens in bedrooms of patients with moderate and severe allergies. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between mite-specific antibodies in serum and allergens in bedrooms of patients with moderate and severe allergies. Doctors should instruct patients with allergic disorders to clean their bedrooms and linens properly in order to reduce, even eliminate allergens in their bedrooms for the prevention and control of their allergies.

Objective To investigate the biodiversity and fauna of Tachinidae in Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve of China. Methods Morphology taxonomy and zoogeography principles and methods were applied in this study. Results Fifty- seven specie, 35 genera 15 tribes and 4 subfamilies were identified. Among these tachinidae, one genus was newly recorded in China: (Elomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830); three species were newly recorded in China: Elomya lateralis (Meigen, 1824), Lydella ripae (Brischke, 1885), Phonomyia atypical Mesnil, 1963; two species are recorded as endemic in China: Peleteria flavobasicosta, Tachina genurufa; fourteen species were newly recorded of Inner Mongolia. Conclusion Because Helan Mountain was formed later than the time of divergence of tachinid flies, the Helan Mountain did not prevent the mutual diffusion of Palaearctic and Oriental tachinid flies. Therefore, the tachinid flies of Helan Mountain are dominated by Palaearctic and Oriental Tachinidae, especially tachinid flies that were distributed in both the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. All of the specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection, Shenyang Normal University, China.

Objective To investigate the biodiversity and fauna of Tachinidae in Songshan National Nature Reserve of Beijing. Methods Entomological taxonomy and zoogeography principles and Methods were used in this study. Results There were 76 species, belonging to 4 subfamilies, 18 tribes and 53 genera, including 16 endemic species for China, 50 new records for Beijing and 2 new records for China. The catalogue of Tachinidae in Songshan was provided. Conclusion The Palaearctic composition is the main characteristic of the Tachinidae fauna in Songshan National Nature Reserve of Beijing. This fauna is enriched by the findings in this region. All specimens are preserved in the Insect Collections, Beijing Forestry University, China.

Objective To determine the density fluctuation and population composition of mosquitoes in Anhui, providing scientific evidence for further development of control and prevention strategies. Methods From May to October in 2004 and 2007, man?attracting and net trap approaches were used to monitor the density of mosquitoes, which were then classified, identified and counted. Results The mosquito density peaked in the period from July to September, particularly in early July (641.4/person hour) and late August (824.6/person hour). The highest density was present in late August. The dominant species was Culex tritaeniorhynchus, accounting for 65.36% of the total captures. Conclusion Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species in Anhui, to which importance should be attached in further prevention and control process. The development of control strategies should be based on the occurrence patterns derived from the monitoring data.

【Abstract】 Objective To improve the traditional preparation of the polytene chromosomes of blackflies and observe chromosomes abstracted. Methods Mature larvae of blackflies were selected, dissected and shelled out salivary glands. The traditional method was improved, and the clear polytene chromosomes slices were prepared after the use of new staining fluid, flush fluid and cleaning fluid. Results The improved method made chromosomes clearly and wholly in microscope. Conclusion The improved technique succeeded in the preparation of chromosome specimens of blackfly salivary gland, which was convenient for the observation of chromosomes shape and chromosomes variation in the laboratory.

【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of meteorological factors on rats density by Response surface methodology（RSM） based on correlation and regression analysis. Methods The meteorological factors and rats density were monitored continuously. A response surface model was made by the correlation and regression analysis of them. Results Linear regression analysis（P＜0.030）indicated that monthly average minimum temperature， sunshine time and precipitation were the main influence factors， and the multiple correlation coefficient was 0.716. However， RSM suggested that monthly average minimum temperature（P＝0.003）, precipitation square（P＝0.059）， interaction of monthly minimum temperature and sunshine（P＝0.027） affected mostly the density of rats， and its multiple correlation coefficient was 0.761. Conclusion The effect of meteorological factors on the rats density could be evaluated by RSM model.  This model was superior to linear regression model. The effect of meteorological factors on rats density was resulted from multiple factors and their interaction.

Objective To study and analyse the molecular weight and outer membrane proteins varieties of the Yersina pestis.Methods The outer membrane protein was extracted by ultra-centrifuge after the Y.pestis fragmentation and islated by SDS-PAGE rlrvytophotrdid. Results There were 26stripes of outer membrance proteins at 37℃ and 36stripes at 28℃ in 10% SDS-PAGE electorphoresis. Conclusion The Y.pestis strains contained standard outer membrand proteins,which belonged to YOP1.

Objective To study efficacy of the mixture including pyrethroid, avermectin and tebuconazol to hygiene pest. Methods Efficacy of this mixture was evaluated with KT ₅₀ and LC ₅₀ of them to hygiene pest. Results This mixture had better efficacy than other mixtures composed of part elements to mosquito, housefly and cockroach( P<0.001). The rate of knockdown and the mortality of the mixture to Mulex pipiens pallens, Musca domestica or Blattella germanica were all 100% after treated for 1 h and 24 h, respectively. The LC ₅₀ value of it to the larvae of C.pipiens pallens and M.domestica were 0.025 μg/ml and 0.41 μg/ml, respectively. The oothecae hatchability of B.germanica and Periplaneta americana decreased to 94% and 76%, respectively. The knockdown rate of the mixture to C.pipiens pallens, M.domestica, B.germanica and P.americana were all 100% after 1 h treated in analogous site. The 24 h mortality to C.pipiens pallens, M.domestica or B.germanica was 100% and the 48 h mortality to P.americana also reached 100%. According to GB/T 17322.1, the control efficacy of the mixture achieved A degree. Conclusion This mixture had good control effect on common hygiene pest, and also provided new method for the control of agriculture pest and hygiene pest.

Objective To explore main plague hosts, vectors and plague foci in the second phase water line of the Three Gorges project in Chongqing, and provide scientific basis for plague early warning and control. Methods Investigate the density of rat-shape animals inside and outside of home. The rat-shape animals were anaesthetized to investigate the varieties of parasitical fleas and the infected rate after captured by cage-trap. Identify the captured rat-shape animals and know their population and distribution. Plague F1 antibody was tested in serum samples separated from the blood of anaesthetized rat-shape animals. Search for the dead animals without specific death causes and monitor the plague epidemic situation, and acquire the information about the natural foci and epidemic situation. Results 3 order, 8 families and 27 species of rat-shape animals were found in this area. Among them, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Rattus flavipectus and Anourosorex squamipes were the dominant species. The average density of rat-shape animals was 1.57%, and the density of them was 1.64% in the room that was a little higher than that of outside(1.51%). 10 340 serum samples of rat-shape animals were tested and no positive results were obtained. 6 species of parasitical fleas such as Xenopsylla cheopis, Monopsyllus anisus, Leptopsylla segnis, Ctenocephalides felis, Palaeopsylla remota and Neopsylla specialis were found. The average rate of rat-shape animals infected with fleas and the total flea index were 6.51% and 0.15, respectively. The results of epidemiology survey and epidemic situation monitoring indicated that there were no plague in mice or human population in the region. Conclusion No plague was found so far in the Three Gorges Reservoir region in Chongqing, but R.flavipectus and X.cheopis were widely distributed in this region. Once the infection sources were introduced, the outbreak of plague would be possible. So there was potential risk for plague in this region, we should pay more attention to it.

Objective To monitor rodents and vector fleas in Three Gorges,to find plague earlier and take prevention and control measures immediately. Methods Use clamp-trap method to monitor rodent density in residential areas and out of side. Use cage-trap method to capture live rodents to extract serum for detecting F1 antibody. Hocus the living rodents and collect their parasitical fleas. Results 87 327 clamps were placed in 2005,of which 84 146 clamps were valid,1278 rodents were obtained,the total rodents density was 1.52%,and the density in room was 1.67%,which was higher than that of outside (1.41%). The dection of all serum for F1 antibody was negative. 326 of 4114 rodents were found infecting with flea. Total 853 fleas were collected,which needed further identification. The rate of rodents with fleas was 7.92%,total index of flea was 0.207. Conclusion There has been no plague in Three Gorges in Chongqing area.

In present paper,the checklist of blackflies in Hainan Island,China,was listed to December 2001,with 19 species.All species belong to 4 subgenera of Genus Simulium: Gophostilbia(8 species), Morops(1 species), Nevermannia(2 species) and Simulium(8 species).At the same time,a new species, Simulium( Gophostilbia) longitruncum sp.nov.,is described and illustrated.The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology Guiyang Medical College.